What forces 20 years, the Chinese military rapid

When the time of the initial success of the group army building, the outbreak of the Gulf War, greatly stimulated the nerves of the Chinese people, and increase spending to push forward the modernization of the army, is recognized as the only way out

Oriental Outlook Weekly "reporter Shan Xu |

Since the pilot began in the early 1980s, the construction of a combined arms group armies based on Army construction focus. Such the modern attempts is extremely difficult and hard environment.

Chinese army set up the Army's attempt to reduce the challenges brought about, in addition to from the pursuit of modernization, but also to deal with the army.

June 4, 1985, at the enlarged meeting of the Central Military Commission, Deng Xiaoping pointed out: "four modernizations must have after the first truly modern military equipment, only the national economy to establish a better basis will it be possible, so we have to be patient a few years. "It is often said later," The armed forces have to be patient. "

This is a period full of contradictions and conflict years. Soon, when the time of the initial success of the group army building, the outbreak of the Gulf War, greatly stimulated the nerves of the Chinese people, and increase spending to push forward the modernization of the army, is recognized as the only way out.

The same time, the scale of the troops as well as military spending still further compressed to make a lot of money to be used for economic development. 1996, China's military spending accounted for the proportion of the gross national product of 1.01 percent, almost the lowest in the history.

1999 military spending finally sliding scale year by year, to 2005, has always maintained a certain increase.

Deng Xiaoping said the military interests of the whole, he is required to wait until the "big picture of it, greatly enhanced national strength, and then engage in a little of the atomic bomb, missile, update some equipment in the air or at sea or on land or to At that time, it is easy. "

Now, with the debut of advanced warplanes and aircraft carriers, the modernization of the Chinese armed forces finally entered a new stage.

"The army can not go to raise their own road"

1989, the People's Liberation Army of the scale and proportion of spending appear to have low to the limit. After the historic disarmament, the People's Liberation Army the total number dropped to 323 million people, 237 million people after the 1958 disarmament. If the index of military spending in 1978 was 100, in 1988 only 75.2.

In order to ensure the supply of materials, the forces of the north and south are beginning to grow their own vegetables, raising pigs. The military enterprises due to the lack of military orders, have restructured civilian goods.

November 12, 1989, the Central Military Commission held an enlarged meeting, Jiang Zemin certainly concern the military treatment rectification, China's economy will gradually embarked on the track of steady and coordinated development. Economic upswing will be relatively easy to handle a lot of things in the army. However, the state finance is still very difficult economic situation is very grim the the army many problems difficult to solve for a moment. "

He told us, on the relationship between economic development and national defense construction, the views of the Politburo Standing Committee, the two must take into account. "On the one hand, the military should be subordinated to the overall economic construction, continue to implement the policy of patience, to carry forward the spirit of arduous struggle, his understanding of the difficulties of the country. On the other hand, the defense expenditure should, on the basis of the development of the national economy each year has increased the military weapons equipment and living conditions gradually improved. "

The Jiang Zemin particular, he has been against the armed forces to engage in "self-development", "self-improvement", "of course, is absolutely necessary to engage in a little production, in order to make up for lack of funds, combined with the characteristics of the military, but the military can not go to raise their own road. If we concentrate on the business to make money on, go on like this is very dangerous. solve the difficulties of the military, the Central to come up with some financial resources, but also called on the whole Party and the governments at all levels should enhance defense concept, active interest and support army building. "

October 6, 1998, the CPC Central Committee, the State Council, the Central Military Commission in Beijing held a working meeting of the military law enforcement and judicial organs of the Armed Police Force is no longer engaged in business activities.

In his speech, Hu said the CPC Central Committee attaches great importance to this work, and has repeatedly stressed the great strategic significance of this decision, clearly stated the army, armed police forces and law enforcement authorities must cease all business activities, in all the operations with subordinate units immediately The sexual Company completely decoupled. The army, the armed forces must all "big loss", law enforcement authorities should "royal food".

Since the early 1980s, large-scale infrastructure climax. Fixed assets investment projects in the country built too much, too big, and the state financial support is greater than the closing credit scale and other reasons, in 1987, in 1988, also occurred in the inflation phenomenon.

When he was in the government work report, Premier Li Peng made by the Seventh National People's Congress in 1989, the second session of the 1990, 1991 years of fiscal expenditures are maintained at the 1989 level.

Better equip construction in this case, whether or increasing the cost of living, it would be contrary to the general trend of the economy as a whole. In fact, the ultra-large-scale infrastructure in the past 10 years, the central government is stretched. This makes the 1991 "Eighth Five" plan to borrow money from the Director-General of the situation faced.

Distress army

The early 1990s, the army continued to "Patience", particularly the grassroots units.

According to the China Statistical Yearbook, 1990-1996, China's GDP increased from 1.7695 trillion to 6.7559 trillion yuan, while military spending only from 29 billion to 720 billion.

In 1997, the report of the 15th Central Committee announced that, three years after the reduction of 500,000 soldiers. After the completion of the disarmament in March 2000, the People's Liberation Army reduce the total number 2500000. Year, the proportion of defense spending in the state financial expenditure was reduced to 7.6%, the lowest since the founding of New China.

According to the China Arms Control and Disarmament (1995), since the 16 years between 1979 to 1994, If you keep defense spending in 1979, the actual level of purchases of 581.2 billion yuan, need, and the actual allocated 416.4 billion yuan, and the deficiency more than 28% . Even to reach this level, also no growth equivalent to 16 years.

According to the actual growth rate of more than 5%, the 16-year army should also be increased more than 300 billion yuan. In other words, in 16 years, the army at least reduce the expenditure of nearly 500 billion yuan. The money in full for the economic construction and social public expenditure.

In addition, according to the 1998 Defense White Paper, the reform and opening up, then, and opened or army let the 101 airports, 29 ports, more than 300 special railway lines, over 1000 warehouses and more than 300 million square meters of land . These free transfer to the overwhelming majority of places.

The famous economist Hu Angang calculation shows, the defense total capital of the country's total capital stock rose from 21.0% in 1953, had risen to 25.4% in 1955, after more than 10% remained. Fell to 5.6% in 1989, fell to 2.3% in 2001. That is to say, the Chinese army occupies only 2.3% of social wealth.

Today regiment level and above cadres have experienced "a uniformed era. Divided into dressed in uniforms, training clothes, dress in uniforms. So-called mufti, is generally uniformed; training uniform, the camouflage. In the eighties and nineties, and even into the new century, the majority of Chinese soldiers, including officers only a mufti. Outside the summer season, there is no other replacement clothing.

They only have the weekend to cleaning this uniform. If washed late Monday also did not dry dressed in wet clothes, and you can only go to a collection.

A mufti was less than 100 yuan, the 2,500,000 soldiers equipped with about 200 million yuan. Such a system maintained for 20 years.

Economically disadvantaged, the social status of military personnel has changed. In contrast, in the most stressful times of the economy in the sixties and seventies, the troops is a group of China's most protection. At that time, the proportion of defense spending in the state financial expenditure in the upper and lower 20%.

Thus, in the mid-1990s, although the troops in principle, then recruit primary cultures of troops, but only to attract those young people from poor and remote areas, and the army personnel demobilized sea has also become fashionable.

On two of the country in 1998, Jiang Zemin, to participate in the plenary meeting of the PLA delegation re-emphasized: the whole army should enhance the overall concept, the correct treatment of the adjustment of interests, consciously obey and serve the overall interests of the country.

Winning the war army

And build a high-tech army, the People's Liberation Army before the formation of the elite emergency mobile combat units. This is to reduce the size of the force at the same time improve the combat effectiveness of the core initiatives.

In December 1990, the army military work conference, to speed up the formation of emergency mobile combat units. "Our vast geographical boundaries long, relying solely on the number of troops, step Kong, engage in human wave tactics, maintaining an army more is not enough time to prepare for future high-tech local wars short, the process soon, the first battle that is of decisive significance, therefore, The army must have a fighting strong rapid reaction force. "

The outbreak of the 1991 Gulf War vibrations Chinese military. June of that year, the top military three specific Gulf War held a forum, which opened the prelude to the Chinese army in the new era of change. Just the pace of change, especially in the context concentrated its efforts on economic construction, tottering.

Jiang Zemin made a speech in three forum. He mentioned at the beginning: "today to talk about the problem of electronic technology. Electronic technology is leading, whether it is about aviation, missiles and other weapons, and Electronics in the area of ​​electronic technology, and now with the advanced world level the gap is not getting smaller and smaller, but growing. "

The several speech of Jiang Zemin covers reform, national defense science and technology, military spending increased, self-reliance, and several other aspects.

He said: "We are really backward in weaponry a Some exist further widening the gap" and "We can not sit idle, complacency, to take a realistic attitude, down-to-earth Defense Technology upswing allows us to deal with situations that may occur in the future. "

But for defense spending, he said: "To properly handle the issue of defense spending. Necessary to appropriately increase the investment in the building of national defense, but they can not all of a sudden put a lot of growth in defense spending, with the growth of the national economy must adapt with the National economic development, investment in defense spending every year will increase. "

This is the only option that era, Chinese leaders.

Enacted in early 1993, the military strategic principle of modern technology, especially to win a local war under high-tech conditions established as the basis of preparation for future military struggle.

In 1996, the Central Military Commission, the enlarged meeting of the whole army research based on new revolution in military affairs in the world, made a comprehensive analysis of the whole army to the spirit of reform and innovation to meet the challenges of the new revolution in military affairs in the world.

In 2002, the 16th CPC National Congress will adhere to the coordinated development of national defense and economic construction, established as guidelines. Prior to the enlarged meeting of the Central Military Commission in 2000, mechanization and information technology is the the PLA construction of dual historical task. In fact, this is a higher demand to the army was the transition to mechanization.

At this time the Chinese army, and the situation faced by the country as a whole, have greatly different from 13 years ago. Beginning in 1998, defense spending been fundamentally reversed the downward trend of the share of GDP. In 2001, defense spending increased by 17.7% over the previous year, the highest in nearly 30 years. Also maintained a 17.6% increase in the second year.

Representative, after 20 years of the Deng Xiaoping era F-10 fighter project finally started to fielded forces.

May 2011 press conference in Washington, is visiting the United States, the People's Liberation Army Chief of General Staff Chen Bingde said that over the past 20 years, China's rapid economic development is mainly used to improve the people's living standards, rather than to acquire advanced weapons, the late Chinese leaders have asked the Chinese army "patience" in up to 20 years, China's military is a very small investment, are completely compensated Development.

He believes that the military power of China and the United States there is a gap of 20 years.

"Winning the war, not degenerate from the patient during the 1980s to the 1990s era of turning point, a fundamental requirement of the Chinese leaders of the army. Through those hard times, the PLA has finally ushered in a new opportunity to achieve modernization.