My Solution

Search Google Images by Drawing What You're Looking For with This Clever Web App [Web Apps]

2012-02-01T07:26:00.000-08:00

Search Google Images by Drawing What You're Looking For with This Clever Web App [Web Apps]:

Finding the image you're looking for can be a little difficult at times, but Google's similar image search is often a big help. If you don't have a similar image, however, the mouthful-of-a-web-app titled "Unofficial Google Image Search by Drawing" will let you quickly sketch up what you're looking for and use it as a search query. More »

Back in Time

2012-02-01T07:15:00.000-08:00

Back in Time:

Back in Time

A new wallpaper has been posted to the Nature gallery on Desktop Nexus.

Uploaded By: Snowdrop89
Category: Lakes
Date Uploaded: 02/01/12
Native Resolution: 803x800
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Wide Open Spaces

2012-02-01T07:13:00.000-08:00

Wide Open Spaces:

Wide Open Spaces

A new wallpaper has been posted to the Nature gallery on Desktop Nexus.

Uploaded By: agoodthinghappened
Category: Fields
Date Uploaded: 02/01/12
Native Resolution: 1280x960
Points: +1
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Sunset Flowers

2012-02-01T07:12:00.000-08:00

Sunset Flowers:

Sunset Flowers

A new wallpaper has been posted to the Nature gallery on Desktop Nexus.

Uploaded By: agoodthinghappened
Category: Flowers
Date Uploaded: 02/01/12
Native Resolution: 1024x685
Points: +1
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Autumn Fall

2012-02-01T07:11:00.001-08:00

Autumn Fall:

Autumn Fall

A new wallpaper has been posted to the Nature gallery on Desktop Nexus.

Uploaded By: beautiful_life
Category: Other
Date Uploaded: 02/01/12
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Blue Sky

2012-02-01T07:11:00.000-08:00

Blue Sky:

Blue Sky

A new wallpaper has been posted to the Nature gallery on Desktop Nexus.

Uploaded By: beautiful_life
Category: Sky
Date Uploaded: 02/01/12
Native Resolution: 1024x681
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Autumn Colors

2012-02-01T07:10:00.003-08:00

Autumn Colors:

Autumn Colors

A new wallpaper has been posted to the Nature gallery on Desktop Nexus.

Uploaded By: beautiful_life
Category: Forests
Date Uploaded: 02/01/12
Native Resolution: 1024x683
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Autumn Mood

2012-02-01T07:10:00.002-08:00

Autumn Mood:

Autumn Mood

More to Fall

2012-02-01T07:10:00.001-08:00

More to Fall:

More to Fall

My Rose

2012-02-01T07:10:00.000-08:00

My Rose:

My Rose

A new wallpaper has been posted to the Nature gallery on Desktop Nexus.

Uploaded By: beautiful_life
Category: Flowers
Date Uploaded: 02/01/12
Native Resolution: 900x675
Points: +1
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Still Falling...

2012-02-01T07:09:00.000-08:00

Still Falling...:

Still Falling...

PRT security

2012-02-01T07:07:00.000-08:00

PRT security

The U.S. Army posted a photo:

U.S. Army Capt. Devin Ciminero, a Kandahar Provincial Reconstruction Team security force company commander with 1st Platoon, Alpha Company, 1st Battalion, 182nd Infantry Regiment, Rhode Island National Guard, scans his sector while providing security during a site assessment of the Dowry Rud Check Dam in Kandahar province, Afghanistan, on Jan. 21, 2012. DoD photo by Senior Airman Sean Martin, U.S. Air Force. (Released)

Arctic weapons qualification

2012-02-01T07:06:00.000-08:00

Arctic weapons qualification

The U.S. Army posted a photo

Soldiers from 59th Signal Battalion, Joint Base Elmendorf-Richardson, Alaska engage targets during the Zero/Qualification range last Thursday. Soldiers endured -19 degree temperatures and demonstrated their ability to perform their individual Army Warrior Tasks in an arctic environment.

Sniper training

2012-02-01T07:04:00.001-08:00

Sniper training

The U.S. Army posted a photo:

Sgt. Lucas Cordes, a sniper team leader with Company F, 2nd Aviation Assault Battalion, 82nd Combat Aviation Brigade's Pathfinders, fires his customized M-16 at a target while hovering in a UH-60 Blackhawk during an aerial weapons firing platform exercise Jan. 26. The training allowed him to practice and learn the effects of bullet drop when firing from different altitudes.

Convoy stop

2012-02-01T07:04:00.000-08:00

Convoy stop:

The U.S. Army posted a photo:

U.S. Army Spc. Aaron Sellars, from Cobden, Ill., serving with 3rd Platoon, A Company, 3-1 Special Troop Battalion, El Paso, Texas, provides security during a convoy stop, Khoshi district, Logar province, Afghanistan, Jan. 25, 2012. (U.S. Army photo by Spc. Austin Berner / Released)

General visit

2012-02-01T07:03:00.000-08:00

General visit

The U.S. Army posted a photo:

Maj. Gen. William Mayville, commanding general of the 1st Infantry Division and Fort Riley, welcomes the commanding general of U.S. Army Forces Command, Gen. David Rodriguez, to division headquarters Jan. 28. Rodriguez visited Fort Riley to observe Unified Endeavor 12-01, the largest command post training exercise conducted at Fort Riley since the division returned from Germany in 2006. (Photo by Mollie Miller, 1st Infantry Division Public Affairs)

Live fire exercise

2012-02-01T07:02:00.001-08:00

Live fire exercise:

The U.S. Army posted a photo:

Gun one, occupied by a gun line team from 2nd platoon,

Alpha Battery, 2nd Battalion, 32nd Field Artillery, 4th Infantry Brigade Combat Team, 1st Infantry Division, fires a 155mm M777 Lightweight Howitzer during a live fire exercise at training range 52 on Fort Riley, Kan., Jan.

23. The 2-32 FA is the first battalion in the 1st Infantry Division to fire the M777 on Fort Riley. U.S. Army photo by Sgt. Gene A. Arnold, 4IBCT PAO

Silent Drill Team in Hawaii

2012-02-01T07:02:00.000-08:00

Silent Drill Team in Hawaii:

The U.S. Army posted a photo:

Soldiers assigned to the U.S. Army Silent Drill Team perform at Aloha Stadium during the 2012 National Football League Pro Bowl halftime show in Honolulu, Hawaii, Jan. 29. Several hundred service members assigned to bases throughout Hawaii were honored during the 2012 Pro Bowl halftime show.

Army statement on MEDEVAC issue

2012-02-01T07:01:00.000-08:00

Army statement on MEDEVAC issue:

Recent news items about the use of Army medical evacuation, or MEDEVAC, helicopters in Afghanistan contain troubling information. The reporting suggests that putting red crosses on MEDEVACs, and not arming them somehow, is putting injured Soldiers’ lives at risk. The facts do not support these assertions for several reasons.

U.S. Army Soldiers transport a trauma victim to a U.S. Army medical helicopter in Tarmiyah, Iraq, Sept. 30, 2007. The Soldiers are from Charlie Company, 4th Battalion, 9th Infantry Regiment, 4th Stryker Brigade Combat Team, 2nd Infantry Division out of Fort Lewis, Wash.

Progress continues at Arlington National Cemetery

2012-02-01T07:00:00.001-08:00

Progress continues at Arlington National Cemetery:

The Executive Director of the Army National Cemeteries Program testified today before the Senate Subcommittee on Contracting Oversight, Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs, along with the Department of the Army Inspector General, and the Government Accountability Office Director of Defense Capabilities and Management and Director of Acquisition and Sourcing Management regarding the progress that has been made at Arlington National Cemetery, as well as findings from requirements of Public Law 111-339.

Arlington National Cemetery

“But he’s also one tough son-of-a-…!”

2012-02-01T07:00:00.000-08:00

“But he’s also one tough son-of-a-…!”:

A few days ago, while greeting another Wounded Warrior Flight at Andrews Air Force Base on behalf of the Military District of Washington, I met another remarkable warrior returning home. Five days prior a bomb buried on a narrow foot path in Afghanistan blew up, severing one of his legs, mangling the other with compound fractures, and tearing multiple holes in his lower body. The attack occurred as his unit was moving between compounds on a patrol in rural Afghanistan. They had been conducting what are called KLEs (a military acronym for Key Leader Engagements) with local village leaders, trying to gather information and bolster local alliances.

Buses stand by to transport sick and injured from the Andrews Air Force Base flightline across base to Malcolm Grow Hospital's 79th Aeromedical Staging Flight.

Answering the Silent Call – Joining the Army twice

2012-02-01T06:58:00.000-08:00

Answering the Silent Call – Joining the Army twice:

Our guest blog for today is from 2LT Don Gomez who recently completed Officer Candidate School at Fort Benning, Georgia and branched Infantry. Here he discusses being in the U.S. Army as an non-commissioned officer during September 11, 2001, leaving the Army and returning to complete Officer Candidate School.

Ten years ago I joined the Army as a young man curious about military service and looking for adventure. Five years ago I left the Army as a disciplined Non-Commissioned Officer with a spirit for service. Now, after finishing college on the Post-9/11 GI Bill, I rejoined the Army and recently graduated from Officer Candidate School (OCS).

Cpl. Don Gomez during his deployment to Iraq

How to Write a Cover Letter That Employers Will Actually Read [Job Search]

2012-01-31T23:59:00.000-08:00

How to Write a Cover Letter That Employers Will Actually Read [Job Search]:

When you're applying for a new job, you often have to write a cover letter to accompany your resume and serve as an introduction to who you are. These letters must be brief yet compelling so you don't require much of the reader but still appear unique. This can be pretty tough, but if you utilize the principles of good storytelling and concise writing you can put together a letter that won't get lost in the pile. Here's how. More »

HTC Radar Headed to Videotron in Early Spring

2012-01-31T23:33:00.002-08:00

HTC Radar Headed to Videotron in Early Spring: Major carrier Rogers confirmed it would exclusively offer Nokia’s Lumia 710 smartphone in Canada. However, carriers unable to offer one of Nokia’s new Windows Phone devices will continue to bring customers some of the smartphones manufactured by Samsung, HTC or LG.

How DNA Is Damaged by Enzyme Errors

2012-01-31T23:33:00.001-08:00

How DNA Is Damaged by Enzyme Errors: Some people are at higher risk of developing cancer as a result of DNA damage than others, and a team of investigators at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) believes it may have just discovered the mechanism behind this connection. In the study, the group focused its attention on a class of molecules called purines. These biochemica... (read more)

AMD Radeon HD 7800 GPUs to Hit March 2012, Says Leaked Roadmap

2012-01-31T23:33:00.000-08:00

AMD Radeon HD 7800 GPUs to Hit March 2012, Says Leaked Roadmap: Besides the Radeon HD 7700 series, AMD’s Graphics Core Next (GCN) video card lineup also includes the HD 7800 range that is expected to arrive into the retail space in March of this year, according to a leaked MSI roadmap.AMD’s initial Radeon HD 7800 series will include two video cards featuring the same Pit... (read more)

Fine-Tuning Carbon Nanotube Fluorescence

2012-01-31T23:32:00.000-08:00

Fine-Tuning Carbon Nanotube Fluorescence: Experts at the Rice University say that imperfect carbon nanotubes are the most likely to exhibit dips in brightness when viewed by external observers. Perfect CNT displays are the brightest, a trait that could be very useful in applications such as advanced sensors. Length and imperfections were found to be the two most important factors a... (read more)

Sony pays homage to slimline smartphones with new 18MP glass camera

2012-01-31T23:31:00.000-08:00

Sony pays homage to slimline smartphones with new 18MP glass camera:

From the front, Sony’s new glass-encased Cyber-shot DSC-TX200V compact camera looks like a stunt double for the iPhone 4S and the Nokia Lumia 900 smartphones.

Panasonic's new rugged compact cameras go where camera phones fear to tread

2012-01-31T23:30:00.003-08:00

Panasonic's new rugged compact cameras go where camera phones fear to tread:

Fighting to remain relevant in a camera phone driven world, Panasonic has announced two new point-and-shoot compact cameras that offer something most smartphones don’t — durability in tough environments.

Samsung updates Galaxy S range before unveiling new mobile tech at MWC

2012-01-31T23:30:00.002-08:00

Samsung updates Galaxy S range before unveiling new mobile tech at MWC:

Samsung has unveiled yet another Android-powered smartphone in its Galaxy S range in the lead-up to what industry insiders are hoping will be a big year for mobile developments at Mobile World Congress (MWC) in February.

Firefox 10 hits the streets

2012-01-31T23:30:00.001-08:00

Firefox 10 hits the streets:

Mozilla has set loose Firefox 10, the latest version of its open-source Web browser for Windows, Mac OS X, and Linux. New features in the release are largely limited to technologies aimed at Web developers, but there’s one important new feature that ought to appeal to anyone who has augmented their browser’s functionality: by default, most add-ons will be compatible with new versions of Firefox by default, and users will have an easier time managing and (if necessary) updating their add-ons to new versions of the browser.

EU probes Samsung, Germany blocks its tablets

2012-01-31T23:30:00.000-08:00

EU probes Samsung, Germany blocks its tablets:

Samsung took a hit in its battle against arch-rival Apple on Tuesday, when the European Union announced it will investigate whether it is illegally trying to hinder competitors and Germany blocked sales of some of its tablets.

Seagate Technology Q2 beats Street on margins

2012-01-31T23:29:00.001-08:00

Seagate Technology Q2 beats Street on margins:

(Reuters) - Hard drive maker Seagate Technology's posted better-than-expected quarterly earnings on strong margins, and followed rival Western Digital Corp in signaling a recovery from the floods in Thailand. Last year's flooding in Thailand, the country's worst in decades, disrupted production at the world's No. 2 exporter of hard drives as factories and industrial estates were inundated. On January 23, Western Digital -- worst hit of the two from the floods -- reported better-than-expected quarterly results and forecast a strong current quarter. ...

Panasonic, Samsung to propose tie-up with Olympus: report

2012-01-31T23:29:00.000-08:00

Panasonic, Samsung to propose tie-up with Olympus: report:

TOKYO (Reuters) - Japan's Panasonic Corp and South Korea's Samsung Electronics have each decided to propose capital ties with disgraced medical equipment maker Olympus Corp, the Mainichi newspaper reported on Wednesday. Other firms are already jostling to partner with Olympus, which has a 70 percent share of the global market for diagnostic endoscopes. Fujifilm Holdings Corp has proposed an alliance while medical equipment maker Terumo Corp has said it wants to strengthen ties. Electronics giant Sony Corp is also interested, sources have said. ...

Amazon 4Q results, outlook sends stock lower

2012-01-31T23:28:00.001-08:00

Amazon 4Q results, outlook sends stock lower:

Amazon's fourth-quarter net income dropped sharply, weighed down by higher operating expenses as the company continued to invest in its long-term growth plans at the expense of short-term earnings.

Will Facebook deliver an IPO surprise?

2012-01-31T23:28:00.000-08:00

Will Facebook deliver an IPO surprise?:

Facebook founder Mark Zuckerberg turns up at business conventions in a hoodie. "Cocky" is the word used to describe him most often, after "billionaire." He was Time's person of the year at 26.

Rainbow garden

2012-01-31T23:21:00.001-08:00

Rainbow garden:

Rainbow garden

A new wallpaper has been posted to the Nature gallery on Desktop Nexus.

Uploaded By: Bry
Category: Flowers
Date Uploaded: 01/31/12
Native Resolution: 1024x640
Points: +4
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AUTUMN RIVER

2012-01-31T23:21:00.000-08:00

AUTUMN RIVER:

AUTUMN RIVER

A new wallpaper has been posted to the Nature gallery on Desktop Nexus.

Uploaded By: ramyadevims
Category: Rivers
Date Uploaded: 01/31/12
Native Resolution: 1920x1200
Points: +2
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For A Bright Day!

2012-01-31T23:20:00.003-08:00

For A Bright Day!:

For A Bright Day!

A new wallpaper has been posted to the Nature gallery on Desktop Nexus.

Uploaded By: Inspi
Category: Flowers
Date Uploaded: 01/31/12
Native Resolution: 1024x747
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â€œTo pay homage to beauty is to admire Nature...

2012-01-31T23:20:00.002-08:00

â€œTo pay homage to beauty is to admire Nature...:

â€œTo pay homage to beauty is to admire Nature...

A new wallpaper has been posted to the Nature gallery on Desktop Nexus.

Uploaded By: Inspi
Category: Flowers
Date Uploaded: 01/31/12
Native Resolution: 1179x800
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Vermont Colors

2012-01-31T23:20:00.001-08:00

Vermont Colors:

Vermont Colors

A new wallpaper has been posted to the Nature gallery on Desktop Nexus.

Uploaded By: Purple-Haze
Category: Forests
Date Uploaded: 01/31/12
Native Resolution: 1024x768
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Colorful Field

2012-01-31T23:20:00.000-08:00

Colorful Field:

Colorful Field

A new wallpaper has been posted to the Nature gallery on Desktop Nexus.

Uploaded By: mpkc57love
Category: Fields
Date Uploaded: 01/31/12
Native Resolution: 947x600
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juno pier

2012-01-31T23:19:00.004-08:00

juno pier:

juno pier

A new wallpaper has been posted to the Nature gallery on Desktop Nexus.

Uploaded By: serenade111
Category: Oceans
Date Uploaded: 01/31/12
Native Resolution: 972x662
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Colourful Tulips

2012-01-31T23:19:00.003-08:00

Colourful Tulips:

Colourful Tulips

A new wallpaper has been posted to the Nature gallery on Desktop Nexus.

Uploaded By: beautiful_life
Category: Flowers
Date Uploaded: 01/31/12
Native Resolution: 1024x683
Points: +1
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Autumn Memories

2012-01-31T23:19:00.002-08:00

Autumn Memories:

Autumn Memories

A new wallpaper has been posted to the Nature gallery on Desktop Nexus.

Uploaded By: beautiful_life
Category: Other
Date Uploaded: 01/31/12
Native Resolution: 1024x683
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Autumn City

2012-01-31T23:19:00.001-08:00

Autumn City:

Autumn City

Lonely tree lit by the sun

2012-01-31T23:19:00.000-08:00

Lonely tree lit by the sun:

Lonely tree lit by the sun

A new wallpaper has been posted to the Nature gallery on Desktop Nexus.

Uploaded By: Alexandra66
Category: Fields
Date Uploaded: 01/31/12
Native Resolution: 900x675
Points: +1
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Beautiful nature

2012-01-31T23:18:00.003-08:00

Beautiful nature:

Beautiful nature

A new wallpaper has been posted to the Nature gallery on Desktop Nexus.

Uploaded By: Alexandra66
Category: Forests
Date Uploaded: 01/31/12
Native Resolution: 900x675
Points: +1
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Mill in autumn forest

2012-01-31T23:18:00.002-08:00

Mill in autumn forest:

Mill in autumn forest

A new wallpaper has been posted to the Nature gallery on Desktop Nexus.

Uploaded By: Alexandra66
Category: Forests
Date Uploaded: 01/31/12
Native Resolution: 800x600
Points: -2
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Cosmos flower field

2012-01-31T23:18:00.001-08:00

Cosmos flower field:

Cosmos flower field

A new wallpaper has been posted to the Nature gallery on Desktop Nexus.

Uploaded By: rosarina
Category: Flowers
Date Uploaded: 01/31/12
Native Resolution: 2816x1584
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Blue Beach

2012-01-31T23:18:00.000-08:00

Blue Beach:

Blue Beach

A new wallpaper has been posted to the Nature gallery on Desktop Nexus.

Uploaded By: raza1970
Category: Beaches
Date Uploaded: 01/31/12
Native Resolution: 1600x1200
Points: +1
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Basket roses

2012-01-31T23:17:00.001-08:00

Basket roses:

Basket roses

A new wallpaper has been posted to the Nature gallery on Desktop Nexus.

Uploaded By: afsar08g
Category: Flowers
Date Uploaded: 01/31/12
Native Resolution: 1280x800
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Mountain in the distance

2012-01-31T23:17:00.000-08:00

Mountain in the distance:

Mountain in the distance

A new wallpaper has been posted to the Nature gallery on Desktop Nexus.

Uploaded By: Alexandra66
Category: Mountains
Date Uploaded: 01/31/12
Native Resolution: 1024x768
Points: +1
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Pink roses

2012-01-31T23:16:00.000-08:00

Pink roses:

Pink roses

A new wallpaper has been posted to the Nature gallery on Desktop Nexus.

Uploaded By: juliannaa
Category: Flowers
Date Uploaded: 01/31/12
Native Resolution: 8512x5664
Points: +2
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Rose

2012-01-31T23:15:00.005-08:00

Rose:

Rose

A new wallpaper has been posted to the Nature gallery on Desktop Nexus.

Uploaded By: rozo
Category: Flowers
Date Uploaded: 01/31/12
Native Resolution: 1620x1080
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Spring lane

2012-01-31T23:15:00.004-08:00

Spring lane:

Spring lane

A new wallpaper has been posted to the Nature gallery on Desktop Nexus.

Uploaded By: Monarch
Category: Other
Date Uploaded: 01/31/12
Native Resolution: 1024x683
Points: +5
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Cloudy Skyline

2012-01-31T23:15:00.003-08:00

Cloudy Skyline:

Cloudy Skyline

A new wallpaper has been posted to the Nature gallery on Desktop Nexus.

Uploaded By: tia80
Category: Sky
Date Uploaded: 01/31/12
Native Resolution: 1280x720
Points: +1
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Water Lillies - HDR

2012-01-31T23:15:00.002-08:00

Water Lillies - HDR:

Water Lillies - HDR

A new wallpaper has been posted to the Nature gallery on Desktop Nexus.

Uploaded By: tia80
Category: Flowers
Date Uploaded: 01/31/12
Native Resolution: 1100x732
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Alberta Canada

2012-01-31T23:15:00.001-08:00

Alberta Canada:

Alberta Canada

A new wallpaper has been posted to the Nature gallery on Desktop Nexus.

Uploaded By: chu41
Category: Lakes
Date Uploaded: 01/31/12
Native Resolution: 1440x900
Points: +4
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Ducks walking in the morning

2012-01-31T23:15:00.000-08:00

Ducks walking in the morning:

Ducks walking in the morning

A new wallpaper has been posted to the Nature gallery on Desktop Nexus.

Uploaded By: chu41
Category: Other
Date Uploaded: 01/31/12
Native Resolution: 1350x900
Points: +2
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Cedars Here And There

2012-01-31T23:14:00.006-08:00

Cedars Here And There:

Cedars Here And There

A new wallpaper has been posted to the Nature gallery on Desktop Nexus.

Uploaded By: spiritlake57
Category: Rivers
Date Uploaded: 01/31/12
Native Resolution: 960x720
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Glitter On The River

2012-01-31T23:14:00.005-08:00

Glitter On The River:

Glitter On The River

Autumn in the lake

2012-01-31T23:14:00.004-08:00

Autumn in the lake:

Autumn in the lake

A new wallpaper has been posted to the Nature gallery on Desktop Nexus.

Uploaded By: chu41
Category: Lakes
Date Uploaded: 01/31/12
Native Resolution: 1440x900
Points: +2
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Sunbeams round the bend.

2012-01-31T23:14:00.003-08:00

Sunbeams round the bend.:

Sunbeams round the bend.

A new wallpaper has been posted to the Nature gallery on Desktop Nexus.

Uploaded By: charismatic
Category: Forests
Date Uploaded: 01/31/12
Native Resolution: 900x602
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Autumn Trees

2012-01-31T23:14:00.002-08:00

Autumn Trees:

Autumn Trees

A new wallpaper has been posted to the Nature gallery on Desktop Nexus.

Uploaded By: charismatic
Category: Other
Date Uploaded: 01/31/12
Native Resolution: 1024x773
Points: +1
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Autumn

2012-01-31T23:14:00.001-08:00

Autumn:

Autumn

A new wallpaper has been posted to the Nature gallery on Desktop Nexus.

Uploaded By: charismatic
Category: Lakes
Date Uploaded: 01/31/12
Native Resolution: 800x600
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Top of Iron Mountain, San Diego, California.

2012-01-31T23:14:00.000-08:00

Top of Iron Mountain, San Diego, California.:

Top of Iron Mountain, San Diego, California.

A new wallpaper has been posted to the Nature gallery on Desktop Nexus.

Uploaded By: cottagepicture
Category: Mountains
Date Uploaded: 01/31/12
Native Resolution: 980x655
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Self-Guided Bullet Could Strike Laser-Designated Targets From A Mile Away

2012-01-31T23:11:00.000-08:00

Self-Guided Bullet Could Strike Laser-Designated Targets From A Mile Away:

You might remember the scene in The Hurt Locker where some soldiers are ambushed by a sniper and must do a little return sniping. That process of spotting, adjusting the sights, and altering the bullet’s ballistic trajectory bit by bit and degree by degree may soon no longer be necessary: Sandia Labs has developed a bullet with a built-in processor that guides its own flight via tiny adjustable fins.

Congratulations Crunchies Winners! Dropbox Is The Best Overall Startup

2012-01-31T23:09:00.000-08:00

Congratulations Crunchies Winners! Dropbox Is The Best Overall Startup:

This year’s fifth annual Crunchies Awards has just finished up at the classy Davies Symphony Hall in San Francisco, and it was a smashing success. We poked fun #humblebraggers, got cussed at by Siri, honored former TechCrunch CEO Heather Harde, and gave wild monkey trophies to tech’s greatest innovators. If you missed the event or our livestream, check out the full list of nominees and winners below.

ADHD (Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder) in Adults: Causes and Symptoms

2012-01-29T05:45:00.001-08:00

ADHD (Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder) is mostly associated with children. Immediately people hear of the disorder they start thinking of children who are rowdy and cannot sit still just a short
period. Therefore the mention of ADHD in adults will come to many as a
surprise. The fact still remains, however, that people do carry symptoms
and effects of this condition into adulthood. Another thing is that
people are not aware that they have the problem. It is therefore good to
examine this issue properly.

Causes of ADHD in Adults

Nobody knows exactly what causes ADHD. It is believed that genetic factors may be responsible for this. In addition to this, it is also strongly believed certain environmental factors may be responsible for
developing ADHD. Such factors include exposure to tobacco and/or alcohol
during pregnancy. ADHD is not a disorder that can be developed all of a
sudden in adulthood. For someone to be diagnosed with ADHD in adult
years, it means that they have had ADHD during childhood. Adult ADHD is
therefore a development from the childhood disorder, where most of the
time they can be treated with medicines like CieAura.

Symptoms of ADHD in adults

The methods used in diagnosing ADHD in adults are similar to that of children. It is believed that adults who suffer from this disorder may show signs of forgetfulness, daydreaming excessively, constantly
fidgeting with objects, and difficulty with sitting still at one place.
However, there are other symptoms that might be seen in adults who don’t
show the known symptoms of childhood ADHD. The symptoms of the disorder
in adults are very subtle and may not be easily identified. They
include the following:
Problems with getting organized
Most people who have adult ADHD usually crumble under the demands of adulthood. They have problems with getting their lives organized. They are unable to handle their bills, organize their jobs properly to meet
deadlines, and take care of their children. This makes people with adult
ADHD annoying to live with. The disorganization that comes with the
condition makes the quality of life very poor for people suffering from
ADHD.
Reckless driving and other traffic problems
Adults suffering from ADHD may find driving a vehicle very difficult. This is because the condition makes it difficult for affected people to concentrate on one task for a long period of time. This may be
responsible for some people always getting involved in traffic offences
such as reckless driving which may result in accidents. They may even
lose their driver’s licenses as result.
Problems in marriage
People who suffer from adult ADHD may have certain marital problems. They may find it difficult keeping promises, they have poor listening abilities and are not able honor the common responsibilities of
marriage. This does not mean that all people who have marital problems
are suffering from ADHD. What it means is that ADHD is one of the causes
of marital problems. Married people who suffer from adult ADHD will not
even understand why their partners are complaining about them.
Those with the above symptoms should seek professional help for the management of the disorder. It is very important that people around those suffering from adult ADHD should understand them and offer them
support.

When Life Throws Dirt On You

2012-01-29T05:43:00.001-08:00

When Life Throws Dirt On You

One day a farmer's donkey fell down into a well.

The animal cried piteously for hour as the

farmer tried to figure out what to do.

Finally , he decided the animal was old,

and the well needed to be covered up anyway

it just wasn't worth it to retrieve the donkey.

He invited all his neighbors to come over and help

They all grabbed a shovel and began to shovel dirt into the well.

At the donkey realized what was happening and cried horribly.

Then to everyone's amazement he quieted down.

A few shovel loads later , the farmer finally looked down the well , He was astonished at what he saw.

With each shovel of dirt that hit his back

the donkey was doing something amzaing.

He would shake it off and take a step up.

As the farmer's neighbors continued to shovel dirt

on top of the animal , he would shake it off and

take a step up.

Pretty soon everyone was amazed as the donkey stepped up over the edge of the well and

Happily trotted off.

*********************

Life is going to shovel dirt on you

All kinds of dirt.

The trick to getting out of the well is to shake it off

and take a step up.

Each of our troubles is a steppingstone.

We can get out of the deepest wells

Just bu not stopping never giving up

Shake it off and take a step up.

Remember the five simple rules to be happy

1.Liberate your heart from Hatred _ Forgive

2. Liberate your mind from worries --Most never happen.

3.Live simply and appreciate what you have.

4. Give more.

5. Expect less.

ADHD Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

2012-01-29T05:39:00.001-08:00

The term ADHD is the short form for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. This is condition that causes hyperactivity in those who are suffering from it. Even though it is mainly a condition associated with
children, there are many adults who suffer from the ADHD. About 3 to 5
percent of all children may suffer from the disease. Adults who suffer
from ADHD might have had it when they are young because this is not a
condition that develops suddenly in adulthood.
Symptoms
The symptoms of ADHD vary between adults and children.
Children suffering from ADHD may show symptoms that could be grouped into three categories. The first is inattention. They are easily distracted and find it difficult to follow instruction and directions in
order to finish a task. Another thing is that such children do not
appear to be listening when you are talking to them. They make careless
mistakes just because they don’t pay attention.
The next category is hyperactivity. Such children find it difficult to stay calm for just a short period. They can’t play quietly and are always running and moving about.
They are also impulsive. They find it very difficult to wait for their turn to do what they want or have to do. They will not wait for a question to finish before they shout out the answer; and they may
interrupt other unnecessarily.
Adults suffering from ADHD may show some or all of the following.
They are always late to work and other functions.
They can control their anger.
They involve themselves in substance abuse and addictions.
They cannot organize themselves properly.
They are also impulsive.
Causes of ADHD
No one knows the exact cause of ADHD. Researchers are still working on finding the cause or causes. For now, it is believed that heredity, head injuries and brain changes are responsible for ADHD. Poor
nutrition, infectious diseases, substance abuse during pregnancy and
exposure to harmful substances are triggers for this disorder.
Diagnosis
ADHD cannot be diagnosed with a lab test, but doctors rely on various tests such as blood test and X-rays to find out the exact thing that is triggering the onset of symptoms. There are other psychiatric
conditions that share the same symptoms with ADHD; that means that a
thorough psychiatric examination must be done to confirm the condition.
Treatment
This disorder cannot be cured; but it can be managed. There are various methods for its management. There are certain medications that could be prescribed. Some of these are stimulants whiles others are
non-stimulant. In addition to medication, people suffering from ADHD can
go through psychosocial therapies, behavior management and
psychotherapy. Support is highly needed for these people.
Prevention
Just as it is for the causes, there are no known ways of preventing ADHD. But people have prescribed various methods of preventing the onset of symptoms. Some of these are good prenatal care, balanced diet,
attention building activities and behavior management. These measures
will help prevent the occurrence of the disorder, and even help those
who have been diagnosed with it.

10 Things You Didn't Know About the Brain

2012-01-29T05:23:00.001-08:00

Human brains are big...

The average adult brain weighs just under 3 pounds (between 1.3 and 1.4 kilograms). Some neurosurgeons describe the texture of a living brain
as that of toothpaste, but according to neurosurgeon Katrina Firlik, a
better analogy can be found in the local health-food store."[The brain] doesn't spread like toothpaste. It doesn't adhere to your
fingers the way toothpaste does," Firlik writes in her memoir, "Another
Day in the Frontal Lobe: A Brain Surgeon Exposes Life on the Inside"
(Random House, 2006). "Tofu -- the soft variety, if you know tofu -- may
be a more accurate comparison."If you aren't charmed by that description, consider this: About 80
percent of the contents of your cranium is brain, while equal amounts of
blood and cerebrospinal fluid, the clear liquid that buffers neural
tissue, make up the rest. If you were to blend up all of that brain,
blood and fluid, it would come to about 1.7 liters, or not quite enough
to fill a 2-liter soda bottle.

..But they're getting smaller

Don't get too cocky about your soda-bottle-sized brain. Humans 5,000 years ago had brains that were even larger.
"We do know from archaeological data that pretty much everywhere we can measure -- Europe, China, South Africa, Australia -- that brains have shrunk about 9 cubic inches (150 cubic centimeters), from an average of about 82 in³ (1,350 cm³). That's roughly 10 percent," University of Wisconsin at Madison paleoanthropologist John Hawks told Live Science in 2009.
Researchers don't know why brains might be shrinking, but some theorize that they're evolving to be more efficient. Others think our skulls are getting smaller because our diets include more easily chewable foods and
so large, strong jaws are no longer required.
Whatever the reason, brain size doesn't directly correlate with intellect, so there's no evidence that ancient man was brainier than humans of today.

Our brains burn through energy

The modern brain is an energy hog. The organ accounts for about 2 percent of body weight, but it uses about 20 percent of the oxygen in our blood and 25 percent of the glucose (sugars) circulating in our
bloodstream, according to the American College of
Neuropsychopharmacology.

These energy requirements have spurred a debate among anthropologists about what fueled the evolution of big brains in the first place. Many researchers credit meat, citing evidence of
hunting in our early ancestors. But meat would have been an unreliable
food source, say other scientists. A 2007 study published in the
Proceedings of the National Academy of Science found that modern-day
chimps know how to dig for calorie-rich tubers on the savanna. Perhaps
our ancestors did the same, boosting their brainpower with veggies.

As for what motivated the brain to balloon in size, there are three major hypotheses: climate change, the demands of ecology, and social
competition.

Wrinkles make us smart

What's the secret to our species' smarts? The answer may be wrinkles. The surface of the human brain is convoluted by deep fissures, smaller
grooves called sulci, and ridges called gyri. This surface is called the
cerebral cortex and is home to about 100 billion neurons, or nerve
cells.

The folded, meandering surface allows the brain to pack in more surface area -- and thus, more processing power -- into the limited confines of
the skull. Our primate relatives
show varying degrees of convolution in their brains, as do other
intelligent creatures like elephants. In fact, research done by Emory
University neuroscientist Lori Marino has found that dolphins have even
more pronounced brain wrinkles than humans.

Most of our brain cells aren't neurons

The old saw that we use just 10 percent of our brainpower isn't true, but we now know that neurons make up just 10 percent of our brain cells.

The other 90 percent, which account for about half the brain's weight, are called glia, which means "glue" in Greek. Neuroscientists used to
think glia were simply the sticky stuff that holds neurons together. But
recent research has shown glia to be much more. A 2005 paper in the
journal Current Opinions in Neurobiology laid out the roles of these
unsung cells, which range from mopping up excess neurotransmitters to
providing immune protection to actually promoting and modulating synapse
growth and function. (Synapses are the connections between neurons.) It turns out the silent majority isn't so silent after all.

The brain is an exclusive club

Like bouncers at a night club, an assembly of cells in the brain's blood system, called the blood-brain barrier, lets only a few molecules into
the nervous system's inner sanctum - the brain. The capillaries that
feed the brain are lined with tightly bound cells, which keep out large
molecules. Special proteins in the barrier transport necessary nutrients
and substances into the brain. Only an elite few make it through.

The blood-brain barrier protects the brain, but it can also keep out lifesaving medications. Physicians trying to treat brain tumors can use drugs to open the junctions between cells, but that leaves the
brain temporarily vulnerable to infection. One new way to sneak meds
past the barrier might be nanotechnology. A 2009 study published in the
journal Cancer Research showed that specially-engineered nanoparticles
can cross the barrier and attach to tumor tissue. In the future,
combining nanoparticles with chemotherapy drugs could be one way to
target tumors.

The brain starts out as a tube

The foundation for the brain is set early. Three weeks after conception, a sheet of embryonic cells called the neural plate folds and fuses into
the neural tube. This tissue will become the central nervous system.

The neural tube grows and differentiates throughout the first trimester. (When cells differentiate they specialize into various tissues needed
to create body parts.) It isn't until the second trimester that glia and
neurons begin to form. The brain doesn't wrinkle up until even later.
At 24 weeks, magnetic resonance imaging shows just a few nascent grooves
in the otherwise smooth surface of the fetal brain, according to a 2000
study in the journal Radiology. As the third trimester begins in week
26, the grooves deepen and the brain begins to look more like that of a
newborn.

Teen brains aren't fully formed

Parents of stubborn teenagers rejoice, or at least relax: That adolescent attitude stems, in part, from the vagaries of brain development.
The gray matter of the brain peaks just before puberty and is pruned back down throughout adolescence, with some of the most dramatic
development happening in the frontal lobes, the seat of judgment and
decision-making.

A 2005 study published in the journal Child Development found that the parts of the brain responsible for multitasking don't fully mature until
we're 16 or 17 years old. And research presented at the BA Festival of
Science in 2006 revealed that teens also have a neural excuse for
self-centeredness. When considering an action that would affect others,
teens were less likely than adults to use the medial prefrontal cortex,
an area associated with empathy and guilt. Teens learn empathy by
practicing socializing, the researchers said. So much for grounding them
until they're 20.

Brains never stop changing

Scientific wisdom once held that once you hit adulthood, your brain lost all ability to form new neural connections. This ability, called
plasticity, was thought to be confined to infancy and childhood.

Wrong. A 2007 study on a stroke patient found that her brain had adapted to the damage to nerves carrying visual information by pulling similar information from other
nerves. This followed several studies showing that adult mice could form
new neurons. Later studies found more evidence of human neurons making
new connections into adulthood; meanwhile, research on meditation showed
that intense mental training can change both the structure and function
of the brain.

Women aren't from Venus after all

Popular culture tells us that women and men's brains are just different. It's true that male and female hormones affect
brain development differently, and imaging studies have found brain
differences in the ways women and men feel pain, make social decisions
and cope with stress. The extent to which these differences are genetic
versus shaped by experience -- the old nature-versus-nurture debate --
is unknown.

But for the most part, male and female brains (and brainpower) are similar. A 2005 American Psychologist analysis of research on gender
differences found that in 78 percent of gender differences reported in
other studies, the effect of gender on the behavior was in the small or
close-to-zero range. And recent studies have debunked myths about the
genders' divergent abilities. A study published in the January 2010
Psychological Bulletin looked at almost half a million boys and girls
from 69 countries and found no overall gap in math ability. Focusing on our differences may make for catchy book titles, but in neuroscience, nothing is ever that simple.

Twisted Physics: 7 Recent Mind-Blowing Findings

2012-01-29T05:19:00.001-08:00

7)Spooky Entanglement

One of the strangest predictions of the theory of quantum mechanics is that particles can become "entangled" so that even after
they are separated in space, when an action is performed on one particle, the
other particle responds immediately.

In June 2009 scientists announced they had measured entanglement in a new kind of system - two separated pairs of vibrating
particles. Previous experiments had entangled the internal properties of
particles, such as spin states, but this was the first time scientists
had entangled the particles' pattern of motion, which is a system that resembles
the larger, everyday world.

6)Knots of Light

Light may seem to travel a straight line, but sometimes it gets twisted into knots. In January 2010 researchers reported using a computer-controlled
hologram to twist beams of laser light
into pretzel shapes. The holograms, which direct the flow of light, were
specially created to send light in certain directions and shapes.

The researchers used a field of mathematics known as knot theory to study the resulting loops. These swirls of light, called optical
vortices, could have implications for future laser devices, the physicists
said.

5)A New Antimatter Particle Created

By smashing particles together at close to light speed inside an atom smasher, scientists created a never-before-seen type of matter:
an anti-hypertriton.

This particle is weird in many ways. First, it's not normal matter, but its eerie opposite, called antimatter, which annihilates whenever
it comes into contact with regular mass. Second, the anti-hypertriton is what's
called a "strange" particle, meaning it contains a rare building
block called a strange quark, which isn't present in the protons and neutrons
that make up regular atoms.

The experiment was conducted at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider at Brookhaven National Laboratory in Upton, N.Y. The results were announced
in March 2010.

4)Levitating Magnet Points to Nuclear Fusion

Nuclear fusion - the melding of atomic nuclei that happens inside stars - is a long-sought goal on Earth. If scientists can achieve it, it
could offer a powerful source of energy with few negative environmental
consequences.

Scientists took a step closer to this goal in January 2010 when they announced they'd built a levitating
magnet that created some of the conditions thought to be necessary for
fusion. By suspending a giant donut-shaped magnet in midair, researchers were
able to control the motion of an extremely hot gas of charged particles
contained within the magnet's outer chamber. The density of this gas was close
to what's needed for nuclear fusion, the researchers said.

3)Light Bends Matter

While it's easy to see matter bending light - just look through a prism - it's rare to find light
bending matter. But scientists saw just that in an experiment reported in March
2010. Researchers assembled flat ribbons of nanoparticles - tiny bits of matter
only billionths of a meter long - in a darkened laboratory.

Then when the ribbons were exposed to light, they curled up into spirals. The results could help engineers design new types of
optics and electronics.

2)Amazing Particle Triplets

Using lithium atoms, scientists recreated an ancient mathematical symbol that had been seen as far back as the second century in Afghan
Buddhist art. The symbol, called the Borromean
rings, depicts three rings linked together. If any ring were removed, they
would all come apart.

Physicists predicted that particles should be able to form this same arrangement, but no one had been able to achieve it until now. The
final realization, announced in December 2009, came 40 years after the
prediction.

1)Quark-gluon Soup

Another amazing feat of physics came out of Brookhaven's Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider this year. In February 2010 scientists
announced they'd created a "quark-gluon
soup" where protons and neutrons had broken up into their constituent
building blocks - quarks and gluons.

It took extremely powerful collisions of gold atoms in the accelerator to achieve the temperatures necessary - about 7 trillion degrees
Fahrenheit (4 trillion degrees Celsius). These conditions are 250,000 times
hotter than the center of the sun and similar to temperatures seen just after
the birth of the universe. They were the hottest temperatures ever reached on
Earth.

10 Things You Must Know About Malware Infections

2012-01-29T05:18:00.001-08:00

Infections happen

According to the report, of all the computers that visited the Microsoft Malicious Software Removal Tool (MSRT) in the first half of 2009, 8.7 out of 1,000 (that is, not quite
one percent) had some kind of malware infection identifiable by the
tool.The hot spots were Serbia and Montenegro, where the rate was 97.2
per thousand, Turkey with 32.3, Brazil with 25.4, Spain with 21.6,
South Korea with 21.3, Saudi Arabia with 20.8, and Taiwan with 20.4.

The cleanest were computers in Finland with a rate of 1.9. The U.S. rate of 8.6 was nearly the same as the global average. (Other sources--typically malware protection vendors who see no reason to be
coy--quote much higher infection rates.) Not mentioned by the Microsoft
report is that Apple Macintosh infections remain rare.

Malware amounts to an ecosystem

There's viruses that replicate themselves and spread to other computers, sometimes just for its own sake.
They're called worms if they do it through e-mail or instant messaging. Trojans follow the metaphor of Homer's Trojan Horse, whose occupants emerged in the night to open the Troy's gates to a devastating attack. Spyware watches your actions for marketing purposes. Adware produces annoying popup ads. Malware,
incidentally, is any software you didn't ask for, especially software
that has malicious intent. A bug, meanwhile, is any software that
doesn't work right--and may be preferable to malware.

Malware has many sources.

You can get an infection by visiting a malicious Web site, or by clicking a file attached to spam e-mail, through a p2p file-sharing network, by downloading what you thought was
free software, or by using an infected removable device like a USB
memory stick. Intrusion attacks can come in over the Internet.

Malware can bite.

Many trojans will download other malware that take root in our computer and start doing nasty things. These include password stealers and
keyloggers that will try to swipe your account information so that
someone else can swipe your money. Or they may turn your computer in to
botnet node, under the remote control of a bot herder, who will
typically use it to spew spam.

Trojans rule (in the U.S.)

If you're going to get an infection, at least in the U.S. it's likely to be some kind of Trojan. According to the SIR, 42 percent of the
infections that the MSRT discovered were Trojans. Adware was also big at
16.3 percent. Nasty password stealers amounted to 4.1 percent.
Elsewhere, infections are a toss-up. In Brazil, for instance, password
stealers aimed at on-line banking predominate. Spain and South Korea
have little in common, but both are afflicted by worms that target
on-line gamers.

Vulnerabilities vary.

Not all operating systems are equally vulnerable. Microsoft's figures show that unpatched Windows XP has an infection rate of about 32.5 per
thousand--about four times the global average. The rate falls to a
sub-average 8 for thousand for Windows XP with Service Pack 3 (i.e.,
fully updated.) The rate for updated Vista machines was 3.1 per thousand
for the 32-bit version, and 2 per thousand for the 64-bit version.

Patching works.

Hackers have a reputation of being ahead of the software vendors, but in reality they often use vulnerabilities for which patches has already
been issued. Even when the bad guys get the upper hand, it may not be
for long. Microsoft likes to use the example of the "Reno" Trojan that
was attacking Vista, causing Windows Explorer to generate trackable
error reports. After Microsoft issued a patch, the reports fell from 1.2
million error reports daily to less than 100,000--in three days. Within
a month it was off the chart.

Updating works.

The rate of infection of 64-bit versions of software was usually a third lower than the rate of infection of the 32-bit version.

Malware is not the only danger.

The big news is the rise in phishing--e-mail that tries to trick you into revealing information that could be used for ID theft or other fraud. The phishers have been going after denizens of social networking sites and even large corporations.

The upshot: update your gray matter.

Software can't protect you against the phishing plague--only common sense can do that. If some random e-mail asks for your personal
information because somehow otherwise your bank account, or our game
subscription, or your corporate computer privileges will be suspended,
delete it.

Steve Jobs told Google to stop poaching workers

2012-01-28T08:41:00.000-08:00

Steve Jobs told Google to stop poaching workers: (Reuters) - Apple's Steve Jobs directly asked former Google Chief Executive Eric Schmidt to stop trying to recruit an Apple engineer, a transgression that threatened one junior Google employee's job, according to a court filing.

Motorola Droid Razr Maxx - CNET

2012-01-28T08:36:00.000-08:00

Motorola Droid Razr Maxx - CNET:

Motorola Droid Razr Maxx
CNET
The good: Despite a beefed-up battery, the Motorola Droid Razr Maxx is crafted in a very slim and attractive design that's built to withstand the occasional drop, scratch, and liquid spill. It has the same gorgeous 4.3-inch Super AMOLED Advanced ...

Compare and contrast C++ and Java? Mention all critical and technical point that distinguish Java from C++ or compels us to design Java. Absurd, irrelevant and vague solution is likely to be rejected.

2012-01-28T08:29:00.000-08:00

Java versus C++: (a) General programming issues
Java	C++
Method bodies must be defined inside the class to which they belong.	Method bodies must be defined inside the class to which they belong.
No forward referencing required.	Explicit forward referencing required.
No preprocessor.	Heavy reliance on preprocessor.
No comma operator.	Comma operator.
No variable-length parameter lists.	Variable-length parameter lists.
No optional method parameters.	Optional function parameters.
No `const` reference parameters.	`const` reference parameters.
No `goto`	`goto`
Labels on break and continue.	No labels on break and continue.
Command-line arguments do not include the program name.	Command-line arguments do not include the program name.
Main method cannot return a value.	Main function can return a value.
No global variables.	Global variables.
Character escape sequences can appear in a program.	Character escape sequences must appear in a string or character literal.
Cannot mask identifiers through scope.	Can mask identifiers through scope.

Java versus C++: (b) Object-oriented programming
Java	C++
Pure object-oriented language.	Hybrid between procedural and object-oriented.
All functions (methods) are part of a class.	Can have stand-along functions.
No multiple inheritance.	Multiple inheritance.
Formal interface specifications.	No formal interface specifications.
No parameterized type.	Templates as parameterized type.
No operator overloading.	Operator overloading.
All methods (except final methods) are dynamically bound.	Virtual functions are dynamically bound.

Java versus C++: (c) Special characteristics
Java	C++
Specifically attuned to network and Web processing.	No relationship to networks or the Web.
Automatic garbage collection.	No automatic garbage collection.
Combination of compiled and interpreted.	Compiled.
Slower execution when interpreted.	Fast execution.
Architecture neutral.	Architecture specific.
Supports multithreading.	No multithreading.
Automatic generation of documentation in HTML format.	No automatic documentation generation.

Java versus C++: (d) Primitive types
Java	C++
Two type categories.	Various type categories.
All nonprimitive types are objects.	Separate types for structs, unions, enums, and arrays.
All numeric types are signed.	Signed and unsigned numeric types.
All primitive types are a fixed size for all platforms.	Primitive type size varies by platform.
16-bit Unicode characters.	8-bit ASCII characters.
Boolean data type primitive.	No explicit boolean data type.
Conditions must be boolean expressions.	Integer results are interpreted as boolean conditions.
Variables are automatically initialized.	No automatic initialization of variables.

Java versus C++: (e) Pointers and data structures
Java	C++
References, with no explicit pointer manipulation and no pointer arithmetic.	Pointers, with dereferencing (* or ->) and address (&) operators.
Array references are not translated to pointer arithmetic.	Array references translate to pointer arithmetic.
Arrays automatically check index limits.	No automatically array bounds checking.
Array lengths in multidimensional arrays can vary from one element to the next within one dimension.	Array lengths in multidimensional arrays are all the same size in a give dimension, fixed by the declaration.
Strings are objects.	Strings are null-terminated character arrays.
Built-in string concatenation operator(+).	String concatenation through a library function.
Use string concatenation operator for long string literals.	Use line continuation (\) for long string literals.
No `typedef`.	`typedef` to define types.

compare the mentioned three languages on the basis of only one evaluation criteria Out of four (selection of choice on your disposal).

2012-01-28T08:24:00.000-08:00

Security:-This section describes the security features of each of the languages

and is restricted to the provision of access control mechanisms and language safety. Mobile agent security is outside the scope of this paper. Java Voyager provides a centralized Java Voyager Security Manager, based on the Java Security Manager, which can define and implement security policies for foreign or migrating object

Access control. Policy files or protection domains can be used to specify what permissions are granted to specific code sources or code signed by specific persons. User authentication and access control is also available that can be extended to provide SSL (Secure Socket Layer). Java Voyager transports also provide data

Security and integrity with SOCKS, HTTP tunneling and custom transports.

JoCaml has no security model or access control mechanisms. Communication over channels is unprotected and provides no guarantee of data security or integrity. However, JoCaml is safe at the language level as it employs strong static typing based on an inference system. mHaskell provides no security model or access control mechanisms. However, it is safe at the language level as it employs static typing.

what are the difference between mobile code design paradigm and the actual Implemented languages also relate these languages to appropriate paradigm and Please rate these languages on the basis of solid reasons.

2012-01-28T08:23:00.000-08:00

Mobile code paradigms have evolved from the concept of active clients consuming the services of a passive server. As illustrated below, the differences lie in the location of the different components during the execution of a service such as Client-server, Remote Evaluation (REV) , Code on Demand (COD) , Mobile Agent (MA).

Mobile code languages employ remote programming whereby a machine can supply and customize procedures to be performed on remote locations. Each mobile code language employs alternative computational and coordination models, primitives and abstractions. When providing this mobility such as Java Voyager, Jo Caml and Mobile Haskell m Haskell.

Java voyage use remote evaluation paradigm, Jo Caml uses Mobile Agent paradigm and M Haskell use remote evaluation.

Java Voyage is superior Object mobility, communication and migration are encapsulated by remote services that include interface generator, dynamic proxy generator and distributed garbage collection. Remote objects can be instantiated on separate JVM’s with the remote class loading facility. The Voyager Universal Gateway automatically translates remote object messages between CORBA, RMI, COM/DCOM, SOAP and XML and new messaging protocols can be ’plugged in’

once public. Object communication is provided through a variety of messaging patterns including synchronous, one-way, delayed synchronous and asynchronous. A naming service can also be used to register and locate objects, which also supports the JNDI, CORBA and RMI naming services.

The JoCaml language is based on the Join-Calculus and combines primitives of Join-calculus with Objective Caml. Jo-Caml extends OCaml with concurrency, message-passing and message based synchronization. It facilitates the development of distributed, concurrent and mobile agent based systems wherein distribution abstractions are expressed using simple primitives taken from Join-Calculus.

Mobile Haskell (mHaskell) [3] is an extension of Haskell. It supports mobile computation by extending Concurrent Haskell with higher order communication channels, Mobile Channels (mChannels), that are synchronous and permit the communication of arbitrary Haskell values including functions, IO actions and

Channels. Mobility Skeletons, a small extension to mHaskell, are a library of higher-order parameterisable functions which control most, if not all aspects of coordination for three identified mobile computation patterns [4]. Unlike, JoCaml and Java Voyager, mobility skeletons provide a higher level of abstraction and eliminate

the need for the programmer to provide mobility coordination algorithms.

Point out the purpose of this research paper or why they develop this research paper, please mention all the points that compel them to develop this paper

2012-01-28T08:13:00.000-08:00

To point out efficient and expressive mobile code language, this paper was developed for the comparison of qualitative and quantitative comparison of mobile languages Java Voyage, JoCaml and mHaskell with different paradigms and nobilities whether weak or strong. We have to study the uses of two mobile computations distributed and multicast. In this paper we compare languages for programming models, security language interoperability and performance of networks of 2, 4, 6 and 8 locations. To get benefit of encapsulation of two common pattern of distributed programming(distributed information retrieval and multicast, to get benefit from code mobility. We also through a light on language security and interoperability factors. This paper provide code mobility and its classification. This paper for a brief of mobile code design paradigms and mobile code languages. We have to discuss application on the basis of this comparison and overview of implementation details in each of the language. This paper cover comparative evaluation and future directions in this field. This paper discuss strong and weak mobility, discuss client server, remote evaluation, code on demand and mobile agent paradigms. This research paper discuss some application examples such as design of mobile automatic meeting scheduler then it discuss types of distributed programming as distributed information retrieval using mobile agent paradigm and multicast using remote evaluation. This research paper then discuss the issues and tradeoff also the benefits and effectiveness of three well-known mobile code languages.

We also compare the three languages on the basis of their performance, programming model, security and their interoperability.

Why we need each section of prolog program?

2012-01-28T08:11:00.000-08:00

Sections of Prolog Program

Predicates

Predicates are declarations of relations or rules. They are just like function prototypes (declaration). A predicate may have zero or more arguments. Example of predicates are:

man(symbol)

family()

a_new_predicate (integer, char)

Clauses

Clauses are definition(s) of Predicate sentence or phrase. It has two types: rules and facts.

A rule is a function definition. It may have 0 or more conditions. A fact has all parameters as constants and it cannot contain any condition.

Example – Fact:

brother(ahmed, chand).

Saying that ahmed and chand are brothers.

Example – Rule:

brother(X,Y):-

man(X),

man(Y),

father(Z,Y),

father(Z,X).

It says that two symbols, X and Y, are brothers if X is a man and Y is a man and their father is same.

Goal

Goal is the objective of the program. There can be only and exactly one instance of the goal in a program. It is the only tentative section of the program. It may be thought as the main() function of prolog. The truth value of the goal is the output of the program. Syntactically and semantically, it is just another clause. It may be empty, simple (one goal), or compound (sub-goals).

Examples

1. brother(X,chand). % In this case the output will be the name of Chand’s brother.

2. brother(ahmed,chand).% The output will be true or false.

3. brother(X,chand), father(X, Y). % The output will be Chand’s and his children.

How an expert system and anonymous variable work?

2012-01-28T08:10:00.000-08:00

Expert system

One of the main application domains for Prolog has been the development of expert systems. Following is an example of a simple medical expert system:

% clauses for relieves(Drug, Symptom). That is facts about drugs and relevant symptoms

relieves(aspirin, headache).

relieves(aspirin, moderate_pain).

relieves(aspirin, moderate_arthritis).

relieves(aspirin_codine_combination, severe_pain).

relieves(cough_cure, cough).

relieves(pain_gone, severe_pain).

relieves(anti_diarrhea, diarrhea).

relieves(de_congest, cough).

relieves(de_congest, nasal_congestion).

relieves(penicilline, pneumonia).

relieves(bis_cure, diarrhea).

relieves(bis_cure, nausea).

relieves(new_med, headache).

relieves(new_med, moderate_pain).

relieves(cong_plus, nasal_congestion).

% now we have clauses for side effects in the form of aggravates(Drug, Condition).

aggravates(aspirin, asthma).

aggravates(aspirin, peptic_ulcer).

aggravates(anti-diarrhea, fever).

aggravates(de_congest, high_blood_pressure).

aggravates(de_congest, heart_disease).

aggravates(de_congest, diabetes).

aggravates(de_congest, glaucoma).

aggravates(penicilline, asthma).

aggravates(de_congest, high_blood_pressure).

aggravates(bis_cure, diabetes).

aggravates(bis_cure, fever).

% now some rules for prescribing medicine using symptoms and side effects

should_take(Person, Drug) :-

complains_of(Person, Symptom),

relieves(Drug, Symptom),

not(unsuitable_for(Person, Drug)).

unsuitable_for(Person, Drug) :-

aggravates(Drug, Condition),

suffers_from(Person, Condition).

% we now have some specific facts about a patient named Ali

complains_of(ali, headache).

suffers_from(ali, peptic_ulcer).

% now the query about the proper medicine and the answer by the expert system

?- should_take(ali, Drug).

Drug = new_med;

Prolog has been used to write expert systems and expert system shells. Because of its inference mechanism and independence of rules and clauses it is relatively easy to achieve such task as compared to any imperative language.

Anonymous Variable:

The _ is a special variable. It is called the anonymous variable. It is used as a place holder for a value that is not required. For example _ is used as a variable in the following clause:

brother(ahmed, _)

In what conditions we use forward and backward chaining in prolog please specify?

2012-01-28T08:08:00.000-08:00

To deduce a theorem, the logic programming system searches axioms and combines sub-goals. For this purpose we may apply forward (from fact to goal) or backward (from goal to fact) chaining. For example, given the axioms:

C :- A, B.
D :- C.

Given that A and B are true, forward chaining (from fact to goal) deduces that C is true because C :- A, B and then D is true because D :- C.

Backward chaining (from goal to fact) finds that D can be proven if sub-goal C is true because D :- C. The system then deduces that the sub-goal is C is true because C :- A, B.
Since the system could prove C it has proven D.

Prolog Uses backward chaining because it is more efficient than forward chaining for larger collections of axioms.

Examples

Let us look at some examples of facts, rules, and queries in Prolog.

Facts

Following table shows some example of facts.

English	PROLOG
“A dog is a mammal”	isa(dog, mammal).
“A sparrow is a bird”	isa(sparrow, bird).

Rules

Here are some examples of rules.

English	PROLOG
“Something is an animal	animal(X) :- isa(X, bird).
if it is a mammal or a bird”	animal(X) :- isa(X,mammal).

Queries

And now some queries:

English	PROLOG
“is a sparrow an animal?” answer: “yes”	?- animal(sparrow). yes
“is a table an animal?” answer: “no”	?- animal(table). no
“what is a dog?” answer: “a mammal”	?- isa(dog, X). X = mammal

Write a program that prints a table of the binary, octal and hexadecimal equilents of the decimal numbers in the range 1 through 256. If you are not familiar with these numbers systems, read Appendix C first.

2012-01-28T07:36:00.000-08:00

/*

 Description: Computes the binary, octal, and

 hexadecimal equilent of a decimal number.*/

#include <iostream.h>

#include <stdlib.h>

int main()

int decimal, converter, decimal_number;

cout << "Decimal\t\tBinary\t\t\tOctal\t\t\tHexadecimal\n";

for( decimal = 1; decimal <= 256; decimal++ )

// Print a decimal number.

cout << endl << decimal;

/* loop for printing a binary, octal and hexadecimal equilent of

                decimal taken from outer loop counter decimal.  */

for( int i = 1; i < 4; i++ )

// Copy the value of decimal for operation.

decimal_number = decimal;

// Decide in whose system number to be convert.

switch( i )

case 1:

cout << "\t\t";

converter = 2;

break;

case 2:

cout << "\t\t\t";

converter = 8;

break;

case 3:

cout << "\t\t\t";

converter = 16;

int y = 1;

while( y < decimal_number )

y *= converter;

if( y > decimal_number ) y /= converter;

while( y > 0 )

// As the conversion process of binary and octal is same, so

// same conditions are used for both but not for base 16 system.

if( converter != 16 )

cout << ( decimal_number / y );

decimal_number %= y;

y /= converter;

// If conversion is in base 16 system.

else

if( ( decimal_number / y ) > 9 )

// Prints the decimal equilent of decimal

// if number ranges from 10 to 15.

switch( decimal_number / y )

case 10:

cout << "A";

break;

case 11:

cout << "B";

break;

case 12:

cout << "C";

break;

case 13:

cout << "D";

break;

case 14:

cout << "E";

break;

case 15:

cout << "F";

break;

else

cout << ( decimal_number / y );

decimal_number %= y;

y /= converter;

if( !(decimal % 20) )

system("pause");

system("PAUSE");

return 0;

Combine the statements that you wrote in Exercise 2.4 into a program that calculates and prints the sum of the integers from 1 to 10. Use the while structure to loop through the calculation and increment statements. The loop should terminate when the value of x becomes 11.

2012-01-28T07:34:00.000-08:00

// Calculate the sum of the integers from 1 to 10.

#include <iostream>

using std::cout;

using std::endl;

int main()

int sum, x;

x = 1;

sum = 0;

while( x <= 10 )

sum += x;

++x;

cout << "The sum is: " << sum << endl;

return 0;

While designing a language we have to face certain conflicting criteria. e.g. flexibility versus safety (when you provide too much flexibility for a certain feature then safety is compromised some times). Explain in detail at least two more conflicting criteria with examples.

2012-01-28T07:31:00.000-08:00

One such conflicting criteria is to give too much operators that on one side enhance the writability and expressibility to a great extent and on the other hand adversely hampers the readability. One example of this thing is APL which has a rich set of operators. You can write very complex program using minimal code but this code is not very much readable.
Another conflicting criterion is reliability versus cost of execution. A very good example of this thing is array bound checking. If you introduce array bound checking in a language then the programs written in this language will be more reliable but off course array bound checking needs some processing time and hence the cost of execution rises. In Java we have array bound checking and in C we don’t have array bound checking. Hence C programs execute faster but Java programs are more reliable.

Explain the impact of the following things on readability of a programming language. Use examples to elaborate your answer.

2012-01-28T07:28:00.000-08:00

Control statements
Abstraction
Data types and structures

Answer

Control Statements:

Control statements were actually introduced in the programming languages to enhance the readability. You can construct a loop in a language with the help of GOTO statement without using control structures. The use of GOTO, however, severely hampers the readability of the program. For example, I am writing the code of a loop constructed using while statement and another one using GOTO statement. This example has been taken from the book of Robet Sebesta.

while (incr<20){while(sum<=100){sum = sum + incr;}incr++;}

The same loop using GOTO statement is:

loop1:

if(incr>=20) go to out;loop2:if(sum>100) go to next;sum=sum+incr;go to loop2;next:incr++;go to loop1;

It is quite obvious that the code with control statements has far better readability as compared to the one with out control statements.

Abstraction:

Abstraction means using complicated structures or operations without knowing smaller level details OR retaining the information relevant only to that particular operation. When we talk of abstraction in the context of programming languages then it has two types:

Data abstraction
Process abstraction

To see the effect of Data Abstraction recall the concept of linked list that you studied in your data structures course. In C++, we can implement linked lists very easily. Create a structure having two pointers and a variable for value. This structure will represent the nodes of the linked list. So a reader can very easily comprehend the implementation code of linked lists written in C++. Now think that you have to write the same code in Fortran 77 that has no support for pointers and dynamic memory storage. You can still implement linked lists but the code will be very difficult to understand. This problem makes it very difficult to debug the code and maintenance cost raises exponentially.

In Process abstraction we may use sub-programs to abstract out things. For example, consider the concept of bubble sort that you studied in data structures course.

void bubbleSort(int *arr, int N)

int i, temp, bound = N-1;

int swapped = 1;

while (swapped > 0 )

swapped = 0;

for(i=0; i < bound; i++)

if ( arr[i] >  arr[i+1] )

//**********Swapping code*****

temp = arr[i];

arr[i] = arr[i+1];

arr[i+1] = temp;

//****************************

swapped = i;

bound = swapped;

In the above code for bubble sort, we also have to write the swapping code as shown by the comments. If we make another function named Swap then the code for bubble sort will become more readable and our focus will not be diverted from bubble sort to swapping code. Consider the following modified code:

void bubbleSort(int *arr, int N)

int i, temp, bound = N-1;

int swapped = 1;

while (swapped > 0 )

swapped = 0;

for(i=0; i < bound; i++)

if ( arr[i] >  arr[i+1] )

//**********calling swap function*****

SwapInts(arr[i], arr[i+1]);

//****************************

swapped = i;

bound = swapped;

void SwapInts(int &a, int &b)

int temp;

temp =a;

a=b;

b=temp;

Your code looks neater now. Hence the readability has been enhanced.

Data types and structures:

A language must have adequate data types to handle variety of data. Also there must be the flexibility of creating new data types according to the need of the situation. For example if you want to assign the information of a student (Name, Phone No. and Address etc.). If you want to do this task in C/C++, it is fairly straight forward.

Struct Student

Char Name[40];

Char FatherName[40];

Char Address[100];

};

In FORTRAN 90, there is no concept of structures so we’ll have to use three parallel arrays to store the students’ information. Clearly the first alternate is a much better one and far more readable than the second one.

What is the feasibility study?

2012-01-28T07:20:00.000-08:00

The analysis of a problem to determine how it can be solved effectively. The operational (will it work?), economical (costs and benefits) and technical (can it be built?) aspects are part of the study. Results of the study determine whether the solution should be implemented.

Output:

A brief description of the proposed system and its characteristics.

A brief description of the business need for the proposed system.

A cost/benefit analysis, including gross estimates of schedules and costs, as well as a payback period.

A proposed tentative schedule for the delivery of key stage deliverables.

Process:

Analyze the proposed project and produce a written description.

Define and document possible types of systems.

Develop a statement of the probable types of system (centralized, decentralized, mainframe, etc.).

Analyze the costs of similar systems.

Produce a rough estimate of the system size, costs, schedules, etc.

Define the benefits of the system. Include both quantitative and qualitative measures.

Produce an estimate of the next life cycle stage.

Present feasibility document to clients for discussion.

Deliverables:

System description (as it is now)

Project team organization

Deliverables schedule

What is meant by control analysis?

2012-01-28T07:19:00.000-08:00

The goal of this step is to analyze the controls that have been implemented or are planned for implementation by the organizations to minimize or eliminate the likelihood of occurrence of threat. To derive an overall likelihood rating that indicates the probability that a potential vulnerability may be exercised within the construct of the associated threat environment. Security controls encompass the use of technical and non-technical methods. Technical methods are safeguards that are incorporated into computer hardware, software and firmware such as controls mechanisms, identification and authentication mechanisms, encryption methods, intrusion detection software, etc. Non technical controls are management and operational controls such as security policies and operational procedures and personnel, physical and environmental security. The control categories for both technical and non technical control methods can be further classified as either preventive or detective. These two sub-categories are explained as follows

Preventive controls inhibit attempts to violate security policy and include controls as access control enforcement, encryption and authentication
Detective controls warn of violations or attempted violations of security policy which include such controls as audit trails, intrusion detection methods.